POTENSI EKSTRAK BUAH LADA HITAM (Piper nigrum L.,) dan PIPERIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI OBAT-OBAT ANTITUBERKULOSIS
Abstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Karena tingkat kepatuhan pasien yang kurang baik muncul masalah dalam pengobatan TB yaitu resistasi terhadap beberapa jenis obat TB. Saat ini isolate klinis M.tb sudah banyak yang resisten terhadap obat anti tuberculosis (OAT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah lada hitam (EELH) dalam meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri dari OAT terhadap bakteri M.tb resisten isoniazid (INH) . Proses ekstraksi buah lada hitam menggunakan metode sokhlet dengan pelarut etanol 70% dan pengujian antituberkulosis Metode Bactec MGIT 960 dan bakteri yang digunakan adalah M.tb resisten INH. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol lada hitam pada konsentrasi maksimum 120 ppm tidak memiliki kemampuan ataupun menambah aktivitas INH dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri M.tb resisten INH namum piperin dalam konsentrasi 15 ppm dapat menghambat pertumbuhan M.tb resisten INH.
Referensi
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[4] Bhatter, P. D., Gupta, P. D., & Birdi, T. J. (2016). Activity of medicinal plant extracts on multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under reduced oxygen conditions using intracellular and axenic assays. International journal of microbiology, 2016.
[5] Brooks GF., Butel JS., & Morse SA. 2005. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Penerbit Salemba Medika. Jakarta.
[6] Cade, C. E., Dlouhy, A. C., Medzihradszky, K. F., Salas‐Castillo, S. P., & Ghiladi, R. A. (2010). Isoniazid‐resistance conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG: Catalase, peroxidase, and INH‐NADH adduct formation activities. Protein Science, 19(3), 458-474.
[7] Ditjen POM. 1986. Sediaan Galenika. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Indonesia. Jakarta.
[8] Elamin A., Stehr M., Singh M. 2012. The Cord Factor: Structure, Biosynthesis and Application in Drug Research – Archilles Heel of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis?, (Online), (http://www.intechopen.com/books/understanding-tuberculosis-new-approaches-tofighting-against-drug-resistance/the-cord-factor-structure-biosynthesis-and-application-in-drug-researchachilles-heel-of-mycobacteri, diakeses 29 Maret 2019.
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[11] Goldman E dan Green LH. 2009. Practical Handbook of Microbiology. CRC Press: Baoca Raton.
[12] Hikmawati, N.P.E., Haryanti, Aulia, C., Viransa, V.P, 2016, kandungan piperin dalam ekstrak buah lada hitam dan buah lada putih (Piper nigrum L.) yang diekstraksi dengan variasi konsentrasi etanol menggunakan metode KLT-Densitometri, Media Farmasi Vol.13 No. 2 september 2016; 173-185.
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[14] Houghton PJ dan Raman A. 1998. Laboratory handbook for Fracti onation of natural ekstracts. Chapman and Hall. London.
[15] Hillemann D, RÜsch-Gerdes S, Richter E. (2007). Evaluation of the GenoType MTBDRplus Assay for Rifampin and Isoniazid Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains and Clinical Specimens. J Clin. Microbiol,45:2635–40.
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[17] Kar, A., 2014, Farmakognosi dan Farmakobioteknologi, Terjemahan: July Manurung dkk., Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta. 2 (2): 503-504.
[18] Lina, M. R., B. Bela dan A. Yasmon. 2009. Deteksi mutasi gen KatG Mycobacterium tuberculosis dengan metode PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - Hibridisasi dot blot menggunakan pelacak oligonukleotida bertanda 32P. Scientific Journal for The Applications of Isotopes and Radiation. 5(1):54-67.
[19] Liu J., Barry CE., Besra GS., Nikaido H. 1996. Mycolic Acid Structure Determines the Fluidity of the Mycobacterial Cell Wall. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 271, No. 47.
[20] Liu, J., Shi, W., Zhang, S., Hao, X., Maslov, D. A., Shur, K. V., ... & Zhang, Y. (2019). Mutations in efflux pump Rv1258c (Tap) cause resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis. Frontiers in microbiology, 10.
[21] Murase, L. S., de Souza, J. V. P., Meneguello, J. E., Seixas, F. A. V., Hegeto, L. A., de Lima Scodro, R. B., ... & Cardoso, R. F. (2019). Possible Binding of Piperine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA Polymerase and Rifampin Synergism. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 63(11), e02520-18.
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[25] Rose L. 2004. Role of Undecaprenyl Phosphokinase ini mycobacteria: impact on biofilm formation, growth properties, persistence, and virulence. Disertasi. (online). (http://edoc.huberlin.de/dissertationen/roeses-lars-2004-06-09/HTML/chapter1.html, diakses 18 maret 2019).
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[27] Riyanto BS, Wilhan, (2006). Management of MDR TB Current and Future dalam Buku Program dan Naskah Lengkap Konferensi Kerja Pertemuan Ilmiah Berkala. PERPARI. Bandung.
[28] Saranya, A. M. A. D., YUENYONGSAWAD, S., & WATTANAPIROMSAKUL, C. (2017). Investigation of antitubercular and cytotoxic activities of fruit extract and isolated compounds from Piper retrofractum Vahl. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST), 14(9), 731-739.
[29] Sabina, E.P., Nasreen, A., Vedi, M., and Rasool, M., 2013. Analgesic, Antipyretic and Ulcerogenic Effects of Piperine: An Active Ingredient of Pepper, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5 (10): 203-206.
[30] Sivaraj, B., Leo, N.A., 2016. COULD SIDDHA MEDICINE BE A SOLUTION TO ‘POOR PEOPLE’S DISEASE’, THE TUBERCULOSIS?, European Journal Of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2016,3(2), 171-176.
[31] Sharma, S., Kumar, M., Sharma, S., Nargotra, A., Koul, S., & Khan, I. A. (2010). Piperine as an inhibitor of Rv1258c, a putative multidrug efflux pump of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65(8), 1694-1701.
[32] Sharma, S, Kalia NP, Suden P, Chauhan PS, Kumar M, Ram AB, Khajuria A, Bani S, Khan IA. 2014. Protective efficacy of piperine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 94:389-396.
[33] Singh, A., Verma, S., Al Jarari, N. M., Singh, A. P., Fuloria, N. K., & Fuloria, S. (2018). Effect of Piperine on Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin and Isoniazid: Development and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 8(03), 072-081.
[34] Sutamihardja, R. T. M., Yuliani, N., & Rosani, O. (2018). OPTIMASI SUHU PENGERINGAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN OVEN TERHADAP MUTU LADA HITAM DAN LADA PUTIH BUBUK. Jurnal Sains Natural, 8(2), 80-86.
[35] Todar K. 2009. Online Textbook of Bacteriology.
[36] Vasavirama, K.and Upender, M., 2014, Piperine: A Valuable Alkaloid from Piper Species, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6 (4): 34-38.
[37] World Health Organization. (2016). Global tuberculosis report 2016.
[38] William ST., Stanley JT., Sneath PHA., Krieg NR., & Hold. 1994. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 8th Edition. Williams & Wlkins Co, Baltimore.
[39] Wallace RJ, Griffith DE., 2004. Antimycrobial Agents in Kasper DL, Braunwald E (eds), Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th ed. Mc Graw Hill. New York.
[40] Zheng C J., Yoo JS., Lee TG., Cho HY., Kim YH., Kim WG. 2005. Fatty acid synthesis is a target for antibacterial activity of unsaturated fatty acids. Journal. FEBS Letters 579 : 5157-5162.
[41] World Health Organization. (2016). Global tuberculosis report 2016.
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