Jurnal Kesehatan Yamasi merupakan jurnal resmi yang dipublikasikan oleh Akademi Farmasi Yamasi Makassar. Jurnal ini mencakup seluruh aspek ilmu farmasi sebagai berikut: farmasetika, kimia farmasi, biologi farmasi, bioteknologi farmasi, serta farmakologi dan farmasi klinik. Jurnal Kesehatan Yamasi terbit setiap 6 bulan yakni periode Januari dan Juli. Penerbitan jurnal ini didedikasikan untuk mempubikasikan hasil penelitian para dosen dan mahasiswa yang berkualitas.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jack.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli BERDASARKAN METODE KLT-BIOAUTOGRAFI
This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jack.) against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and to determine the compounds from ethanol extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jack.) that can provide antibacterial based on TLC-Bioautography analysis. This study tested the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jack.). Ethanol extract of oil palm leaves was obtained through the maceration method. Then the activity test was carried out by TLC-Bioautography against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The results of the separation of compounds by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7: 3) eluent. The results of the TLC-Bioautography test showed that spots at Rf values ​​0.92; Rf 0.85; Rf 0.74; Rf 0.7; Rf 0.63 and Rf 0.52 can provide inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and at Rf values ​​​​of 0.92; Rf 0.85 can provide inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli. The results of the identification of chemical components gave positive results in the appearance of flavonoid spots at Rf values ​​​​of 0.92; Rf 0.85 and alkaloids at Rf values ​​​​of 0.92; Rf 0.74.
Copyright (c) 2026 ISTIANAH PURNAMASARI; Muhammad Taufiq Duppa, Syafruddin Syafruddin, Sitti Nurjanna, Anshari Masri, Hernawati Basir, Ermawati Ermawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGEMBANGAN SEDIAAN EMULGEL EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH TARRA (Artocarpus elasticus) DAN PENENTUAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIAGING ALAMI
Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be prevented. This condition can lead to various aging-related health problems, including an increased incidence of skin aging. Skin changes due to aging can impact a person's social life, given that the skin is the organ most exposed to external influences and is also the most visible part of the body when interacting with others. To determine the flavonoid content of tarrra fruit peel extract (Artocarpus elasticus) and to determine the physical characteristics and stability of tarra fruit peel extract emulgel preparations (Artocarpus elasticus). This research method is an experimental laboratory method by evaluating the physical stability of the emulgel preparation of tarra fruit peel extract (Artocarpus elasticus) before and after the cycling test. The phytochemical screening results showed the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The total flavonoid content of the tarra fruit peel extract (Artocarpus elasticus) using UV-VIS spectrophotometry was 0.3680. The stability evaluation of the emulgel preparation showed good physical stability, both before and after the cycling test, seen from the organoleptic aspects, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and viscosity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anshari Masri, Muhammad Taufiq Duppa, Syafruddin, Rahmadani, Delvi Sara Jihan Pahira, Ermawati, Syachriyani Syachrir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN OBAT TRADISIONAL DAN OBAT SINTETIK PADA MASYARAKAT DESA TINCO KECAMATAN CITTA KABUPATEN SOPPENG
The selection of medicine types is a crucial part of community health behavior. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of traditional and synthetic medicines in Tinco Village, Citta District, Soppeng Regency. The research method used was descriptive qualitative involving 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using open-ended questionnaires which were then coded and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the community tended to use medicines situationally based on the type and severity of the disease. Factor analysis showed that psychological factors dominated purchasing decisions (82%), followed by personal factors (78%), cultural factors (74%), and social factors (68%). Previous usage experience and drug availability were the main determinants. It is concluded that medicine purchasing decisions in the Tinco Village community are adaptive and significantly influenced by perceptions of effectiveness as well as individual internal and external factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suprapto Prayitno, Andi Armisman Edi Paturusi, Lisna Puspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGETAHUAN PETUGAS PENGELOLA OBAT DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KETERSEDIAAN OBAT DI PUSKESMAS KOTA MAKASSAR
Adequate drug availability at primary health centers (Puskesmas) is a key indicator of effective drug management and may be influenced by the knowledge of drug management officers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between officers’ knowledge and drug availability at selected Puskesmas in Makassar City. A descriptive analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on May 16–17, 2025, at Paccerakkang, Mamajang, Pattingalloang, and Mangasa Puskesmas, which were selected using cluster random sampling. All eligible drug management officers were included through total sampling, resulting in seven respondents. Knowledge was assessed using a 20-item questionnaire with excellent reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.9675), while drug availability was evaluated using 2024 Drug Usage and Request Reports (LPLPO) for 40 indicator drugs. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and Pearson’s correlation test. The mean knowledge score was 90%, categorized as good; six respondents had good knowledge and one had sufficient knowledge. Drug availability varied across facilities: one Puskesmas was categorized as good (69.87%), while three were categorized as sufficient, with an average availability of 46.29%. Pearson’s correlation showed no significant relationship between officers’ knowledge and drug availability (r = -0.853; p = 0.147). These findings suggest that drug availability is likely influenced more by procurement policies, distribution systems, and health budget allocation than by officers’ knowledge alone.
Copyright (c) 2026 ANDI PALUSERI, yuniati, Lukman Lukman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFEK ANTIHIPERURISEMIA EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG SURIAN (Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
This study aimed to determine the antihyperuricemic effect of ethanol extract of surian bark (Toona sinensis) on male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with potassium oxonate. An experimental study with a completely randomized design was conducted using 15 male rats divided into five groups: negative control (1% Na-CMC), extract-treated groups at doses of 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg body weight, and a positive control group (allopurinol). Hyperuricemia was induced by potassium oxonate at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, homogeneity test, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post hoc test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of surian bark reduced uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats, with percentage reductions at the 6th hour of 38.51%, 42.64%, and 54.72% for doses of 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while allopurinol showed a reduction of 67.32%. One-Way ANOVA indicated a significant difference among treatment groups (p < 0.05). The dose of 120 mg/kg body weight exhibited the best antihyperuricemic activity among the extract-treated groups
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Rina, Ayu Wandira A . Baso Amri, Mustaina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI TOPIKAL SEDIAAN FACEWASH EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) PADA MODEL EDEMA TERINDUKSI KARAGENAN PADA TIKUS
Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) have long been used as a traditional medicine due to their bioactive compounds that have anti-inflammatory potential. Edema is a form of inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in interstitial tissue due to increased vascular permeability. This study aims to evaluate the anti-edema effect of a Facewash containing papaya leaf extract on the back skin of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study was a laboratory experimental study with a completely randomized design. Edema was induced using a 3% carrageenan suspension subcutaneously on the back skin of rats. Skinfold thickness was measured using a caliper before treatment (T₀) and after induction at certain time intervals. Rats were divided into several treatment groups given papaya leaf extract Facewash with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%. The results showed that the papaya leaf extract Facewash had anti-edema activity with a decrease in skinfold thickness compared to the control. The 10% concentration showed the highest edema-reducing effect at 9%, followed by the 20% concentration at 5%, and the 5% concentration at 3%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the papaya leaf extract face wash has potential as a topical anti-inflammatory agent, with an optimum concentration of 10%.
Copyright (c) 2026 ananda ramadani, Ronal Ronal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS SERUM SARANG BURUNG WALET SEBAGAI AGEN PENCERAH KULIT PADA TIKUS PUTIH
The demand for safe and effective natural cosmetic products is increasing, one of which is facial brightening serum. Swallow's nest (Collocalia fuciphaga) contains bioactive compounds such as glycoprotein and epidermal growth factor (EGF) which are known to have the potential as skin brightening agents. This study aims to test the effectiveness of facial serum containing swallow's nest extract from South Sulawesi in increasing skin brightness, and to compare it with Niacinamide-based serum. The study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using 12 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were divided into three treatment groups (concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%) and one positive control (Niacinamide). The back area of the rats was pigmented using UV-B and serum was applied for seven days. Brightness measurements were carried out using a skin tone scale. The results showed that serum with a concentration of 30% provided the most significant increase in brightness, with a decrease in skin tone value from 15 to 3, better than niacinamide.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Tahir, Suhartini, Nur Zam Sabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murray) TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes
Durian fruit peel (Durio zibethinus Murray) contains active compounds, namely, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics which are antibacterial and antioxidant so that it can be used as an alternative active ingredient for facial skin care. This study aims to determine whether the serum preparation of durian fruit peel extract (Durio zibethinus Murray) has an antibacterial effect on Propionibacterium acnes with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20%. This study aims to determine whether the Serum Preparation Test of Durian Fruit Peel Extract (Durio zibethinus Murray) Against Propionibacterium acnes has an antibacterial effect made in the preparation of serum extract with a concentration of 10%, 15%, 20%. This test uses a laboratory experimental method carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Yamasi Academy of Pharmacy Makassar, then testing the antibacterial activity of Durian Fruit Peel Extract Serum (Durio zibethinus Murray) with the well method and Medium Agar (NA) as media and incubated for 1 x 24 hours at 37oC. Then observations were made by measuring the inhibition zone that occurred at each concentration of the preparation on Propionibacterium acnes test bacteria. The inhibition zone of 10% concentration showed a diameter of 9.5 mm, 15% concentration showed a diameter of 12.2 mm, and 20% concentration showed an inhibition zone of 14.9 mm with the results of inhibiting bacterial growth categorized as strong (10-19mm). The conclusion of the study states that the serum preparation of durian fruit peel extract (Durio zibethinus Murray) with a concentration of 15% and 20% is better and stronger than the concentration of 10%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Azis, A. Muh. Fadjri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN OBAT DAN ALAT KESEHATAN DI APOTEK REJEKI LESTARI
The storage of medicines and medical devices is an important component in the implementation of pharmaceutical services, as it affects the quality, stability, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness of these products. Non-standard storage management may lead to active ingredient degradation, reduced quality of medical devices, and potential risks to patient safety. The implementation of an appropriate and regulation-based storage system plays a vital role in ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical services in healthcare facilities. The purpose of this study is to assess the compliance of drug and medical device storage at Apotek Rejeki Lestari with Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of Pharmaceutical Services issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia at 2019. This study employed a descriptive observational method through direct observation. The measurement instrument used was a checklist consisting of 25 statements. Data collection was conducted in May 2025. The data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the percentage of storage compliance with the standards. The results showed that the overall storage aspects complied with the standards, with 21 indicators having been fulfilled. There were 4 indicators that did not meet the storage standards. The noncompliant aspects included the absence of an air conditioner to maintain room temperature and the lack of storage cabinets for High-Alert Medications (HAM), as well as for expired and damaged drugs. In conclusion, the storage system at Apotek Rejeki Lestari is very good, with a compliance rate of 84%; although improvements are needed in the aspect of high-risk medication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indria Purnama, anita mursiany, Hartono, Retnowati Hartono, Fitri Apriliany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDI KOMPARASI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN STABILITAS FISIK SABUN CAIR BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH KULIT JERUK LEMON, NIPIS, DAN BALI
This study aimed to compare the quality of liquid hand soap produced from lemon peel, lime peel, and pomelo peel as organic waste-based raw materials with antibacterial potential. The research applied an experimental approach with product development through the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. Citrus peels were extracted and formulated into liquid hand soap, then evaluated based on color, aroma, foam formation, acidity level, and antimicrobial activity against microbial growth using bread observation. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis by comparing the characteristics of each soap variant. The results showed that lime peel soap produced a clear green color and strong aroma with neutral acidity, lemon peel soap generated the highest foam with a slightly alkaline acidity, while pomelo peel soap demonstrated the strongest ability to inhibit bacterial growth with stable physical characteristics. The findings indicate that different types of citrus peel significantly influence the physical and antimicrobial quality of liquid hand soap. The study also identified formulation stability issues related to oil separation and odor development, emphasizing the importance of filtration and preservation in natural soap production. This research highlights the potential of citrus peel waste as an environmentally friendly material for hygienic product innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 DICKY AGIL PAMUNGKAS, Mentari Aulia Lintang Dinasty, Aziizatun Nisa, Viska Dilian Maimunah, Azka Nabila Athaya, Desi Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) dan daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of robusta coffee bean (Coffea canephora) and cherry leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) extracts against Propionibacterium acnes, as well as to identify their active phytochemical constituents and determine the most effective combination ratio. The research was conducted experimentally in a laboratory setting. Extraction was performed using the maceration technique with 96% ethanol as the solvent, followed by phytochemical screening for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method with various extract combination ratios of 25%:75%, 50%:50%, and 75%:25%. The inhibition zone diameters were statistically analyzed using a One- Way ANOVA test. The results revealed that both extracts contained secondary metabolites. The combination of robusta coffee bean and cherry leaf extracts at a 25%:75% ratio produced the largest inhibition zone (4.53 ± 1.71 mm), followed by 75%:25% (4.28 ± 2.51 mm) and 50%:50% (3.83 ± 1.24 mm). All were categorized as weak inhibition (<5 mm). Statistical analysis indicated that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous; however, no significant difference was observed among the treatment groups (p > 0.05).
Copyright (c) 2026 Mira Bella Apriance, Riza Dwiningrum, Vicko Suswidiantoro, Mida Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN JENIS EMULGATOR PADA SEDIAAN LOTION EKSTRAK DAUN BIDARA (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) TERHADAP MUTU FISIK
Bidara leaves contain phenolics and flavonoids which are effective as antioxidants. To increase the use value of bidara leaves, they are made into lotion preparations. This research aims to see the effect of different emulsifiers on lotion preparations from bidara leaf extract (Ziziphus spina-christi L.). Bidara leaves were extracted using a maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours. This lotion preparation was made with varying concentrations of Anionic and Nonionic emulsifiers and then carried out a physical evaluation including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests of the preparations, adhesion tests and spreadability tests. The results of the physical evaluation of lotion preparations with different types of emulsifiers influenced the pH of the bidara leaf extract lotion preparations, and in the organoleptic test, they were green and brown in color, had a distinctive aroma of bidara leaf extract, and had a soft texture. The lotion preparation is mixed homogeneously, has spreadability and stickiness values that meet the standard requirements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Nur Izzahtul Irwan, Zulfahmi Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN SABUN PADAT KOMBINASI SARI BUAH PEPAYA JENIS CALIFORNIA (Carica papaya L.) DAN MINYAK ZAITUN
Soap is a mixture of sodium compounds and fatty acids used to cleanse the body. This research utilizes papaya fruit juice to make solid soap. The research aimed to determine whether papaya fruit juice (Carica papaya L.) and olive oil can be formulated into a good solid soap preparation. The research was conducted using the hot process method with the main ingredients being olive oil (27 g), coconut oil (20.25 g), palm oil (20.25 g), NaOH solution, and essential oil (1.8 g). The solid soap preparations were formulated into four types: F0: Without papaya fruit juice, F1: Papaya fruit juice 3%, F2: Papaya fruit juice 6%, F3: Papaya fruit juice 9%. The preparation quality evaluation was carried out through organoleptic testing, pH, water content, foaming power, skin irritation test, and moisture test. The results showed that all formulas met the soap quality parameters based on national standards. Furthermore, the addition of papaya fruit juice was proven to be formulated into solid soap without reducing the quality of the preparation, even contributing to increasing skin moisture. Thus, papaya fruit juice and olive oil can be formulated into good solid soap preparations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mei Nur Afifah, sri royani, Esti Febri Fatwani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN AWAR-AWAR (Ficus septica Buirm F.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
This study aims to determine the compound group and antihypertensive activity of the ethanol extract of awar awar leaves (Ficus septica Burm F.) based on the results of systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in Rattus norvegicus. The research design used an in-vivo laboratory experiment carried out in the pharmacology laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Muslim University of Indonesia. Awar-awar leaf simplicia was extracted by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent, the concentrated extract was calculated for its percent yield, and a phytochemical screening test was carried out. Fifteen male rats were divided into five groups, namely the negative control group (Na.CMC 1%), positive control (captopril), and the awar-awar leaf extract group with doses of 75 mg/kg BW, 150 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. Blood pressure was measured using a Non-Invasive (CODA) device. The results showed that the concentrated extract had a yield value of 3.24%. Positive phytochemical screening of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, phenolic, and terpenoid compounds. The average percentage of reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of Rattus norvegicus in the negative control group (12.11/3.55%), positive control (41.97/22.77%), doses of 75 mg/kg BW (20.87/11.64%), 150 mg/kg BW (25.03/41.22%), and 300 mg/kg BW (38.14/45.83%) had antihypertensive activity that was not significantly different from captopril.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sitti Fauziah Noer Sitti Fauziah Noer, Mustainah, Asriawalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN ANTISEPTIK PADAT BERBASIS MINYAK JELANTAH DIPERKAYA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDARA CINA (Ziziphus jujuba) UNTUK PEMANFAATAN BERKELANJUTAN
Used cooking oil is a household waste that has the potential to pollute the environment, while Chinese bidara leaves (Ziziphus jujuba) are known to have a variety of biological activities, including antibacterial. Utilizing these two components in solid antiseptic soap formulations can provide added value and sustainable solutions. Objective: This study aims to formulate a solid antiseptic soap preparation based on used cooking oil with the addition of ethanol extract of Chinese bidara leaves that meets SNI quality requirements, and evaluate its physical, chemical, and antibacterial activity characteristics. Methods: Used cooking oil was purified with coconut fiber charcoal. Chinese bidara leaf ethanol extract was added to the soap at 5% (F1) and 10% (F2) concentrations, compared to the blank (F0). Tests include organoleptic (shape, color, aroma), pH, foam height, water content, free fatty acids, and free alkali. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acne. Results: All soap formulas showed good organoleptic characteristics (solid, distinctive aroma) with color variations according to extract concentration. The pH value (9.7-10.1) and foam height (59.67-75.33 mm) met SNI. Water content (8.3- 9.31%) and free fatty acids (2.0-2.3%) also met the standard. However, the free alkali content of Formula 2 (0.2%) exceeded the SNI limit (<0.1%). All formulas with extracts showed zones of inhibition against the three test bacteria, and the zones of inhibition increased with the concentration of the extracts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zakiah Thahir, Yuyun Sri Wahyuni, Hernawati Basir, Istianah Purnamasari, Adrival Darwin, Aisyah, Indah Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK KULIT UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomea batatas L Poir) BERDASARKAN BEBERAPA PARAMETER SPESIFIK EKSTRAK
Anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite of plants that can be used as a natural dye. Purple sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L Poir) is a food ingredient known to contain high anthocyanin compared to other types of sweet potatoes. Purple sweet potato skin which is usually not used can be used as an alternative to obtain anthocyanin as a natural dye. This study aims to determine the characteristics of purple sweet potato skin extract including extract soaking, water content, watersoluble extract content, ethanol-soluble extract content as standard parameters of extract quality. The study showed that the sweet potato skin extract produced was a thick extract, dark purple in color, slightly sweet in taste and distinctive odor, extract soaking value of 7.86% water content 15.28%, watersoluble extract content 32.82% and ethanol-soluble extract content 18.06%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Hidayah Base, Raymond Arief N Noena, Adnan Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formulation and Production of Eco-Enzyme Herbal Bath Soap as a Natural Antiseptic
This study aimed to develop herbal bath soap formulations based on eco enzyme and evaluate their physical characteristics according to SNI quality standards. The soap was formulated using the Cold Process method with three formula variations: F0, F1, and F2. The pH test results showed that all formulas were within the range of 9.03–9.05, meeting the SNI standard. The moisture content test showed the lowest value in F0 and the highest in F2, all of which were within the SNI standard. The total fat of the formulas ranged from 45.005% to 52.815%, meeting the maximum limit of the SNI. The free alkali values of all formulas ranged from 0.0095% to 0.0949%, in accordance with the SNI standard. Formula F2 was considered the best formulation because it produced soap with optimal physical characteristics and met all standard parameters. Eco enzyme has been proven effective as an active ingredient with potential antifungal, antibacterial, and natural cleansing properties in herbal bath soap formulations.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN DEODORAN SPRAY DARI EKSTRAK PELEPAH SEREH (Cymbopogon nardus L.)
This study aims to determine the preparation and physical quality test of deodorant spray preparation from lemongrass frond extract (Cymbopogon nardus L.) The research method used is laboratory experimental. First the simplisia was extracted by maceration method for 2 x 24 hours using 96% ethanol solvent. The results of the thick extract were made deodorant spray preparations in the form of 4 formulas F1 27%, F2 28% and F3 29% with a deodorant spray base consisting of 96% ethanol, propylenglicol and distilled water. Physical quality tests carried out are organoleptic test, pH test, homogeneity test and dry time test. The results of the organoleptic test F0, F1, F2, F3 have a liquid form, distinctive odor and orange color while for F0 has a liquid form, odorless and clear color. The results of the pH test F0, F1, F2, F3 all preparations have met the requirements with a pH parameter value of 3 - 7.5. The homogeneity test results of all preparations have met the requirements. The dry time test has met the requirements with a drying time of < 5 minutes in the deodorant spray preparation. From the results of the study stated that lemongrass frond extract (Cymbopogon nardus L.) can be made in the form of deodorant spray preparations with a concentration of F0 base, F1 27%, F2 28%, F3 29% have met the quality requirements based on SNI 16-4951-1998.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agust Dwi Djajanti Djajanti
TINJAUAN EFEK SAMPING PENGGUNAAN METFORMIN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DI APOTEK KIMIA FARMA ALAUDDIN BULAN JULI-DESEMBER 2023
Diabetes Melitus tipe II adalah penyakit dengan suatu kondisi yang mempengaruhi cara tubuh memproses gula darah. Pengobatan lini pertama penderita DM tipe II menggunakan metformin. Namun disamping itu, metformin dapat menimbulkan beberapa efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek samping dari penggunaan Metformin pada penderita DM tipe II. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif yang pengumpulan datanya secara retrospektif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui penderita DM tipe II yang paling banyak mengalami efek samping di Apotek Kimia Farma Alauddin Makassar yakni pada usia 60 tahun ke atasdengan efek samping terbanyak adalah defisiensi vit. B12 dengan persentase 10,88%. Berdasarkan dosis obat harian penggunaan metformin diketahui banyak dikonsumsi yang menimbulkan efek samping yakni 2 x 500 mg (48%).
Copyright (c) 2025 sukirawati sukirawati
Karakterisasi Mutu Fisik Teh Celup Kulit Buah Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L)
Kulit buah kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) merupakan bagian terluar dari buah kopi yang mengandung senyawa polifenol yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kulit buah kopi arabika dapat dibuat dalam sediaan teh celup herbal dan mengetahui karakterisasi mutu fisiknya berdasarkan keadaan air seduhan, pH, kadar air dan kadar ekstrak dalam air. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan melakukan pembuatan teh celup herbal kulit buah kopi arabika yang selanjutnya dilakukan karaketrisasi mutu fisik dengan mengacu pada SNI (3836 : 2013). Hasil pengujian karakteristik mutu fisik teh celup herbal kulit buah kopi arabika menunjukkan bahwa keadaan air seduhan berwarna merah kecoklatan, berbau khas aromatik dan tidak berasa. pH sebesar 4 (persyaratan pH 3,7-6,1), kadar air sebesar 7,7 % (< 8%), dan kadar ekstrak dalam air sebesar 36 % (> 32 %). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kulit buah kopi arabika dapat dibuat menjadi teh celup herbal dengan karakterisasi mutu fisik yang sesuai dengan syarat mutu fisik teh kering dalam kemasan.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN SALEP KULIT DARI EKSTRAK BIJI KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)
Abstract. This research aims to make a preparation of cocoa bean extract (Theobroma cacao L.) skin ointment that meets the requirements for a good physical quality test for skin ointment using vaseline album and adeps lanae ointment bases. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) were extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol then the extraction results were made into 3 skin ointment preparations with the same base and using cocoa bean extract (Theobroma cacao L.) with a concentration of 5% b/b, 10 % b/b, and 15% b/b. The research results show that skin ointment preparations with extract concentrations of 5% b/b, 10% b/b, and 15% b/b can meet the physical quality test parameters including organoletic tests which produce a semi-solid form, distinctive odor, brown color, test homogeneity obtained homogeneous results, the pH test obtained a pH of 5 which met the skin pH requirements of 4.5 – 6.5, the spreadability test obtained results for a concentration of 5% b/b resulting in a spreadability of 5.2 cm, a concentration of 10% b/b b produced 5.6 cm, and a concentration of 15% b/b produced 6.5 cm, where this result met the standard requirements for good ointment spreadability in the range of 5 - 7 cm, and the adhesive test produced 20 - 37 seconds. Where this result meets the adhesion requirement, namely more than 4 seconds.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT SEDIAAN TONER WAJAH INFUSA DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes
. This research has been made with the objective to determine at what concentration the infusa of bilimbi leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) in the form of facial toner preparations can inhibit Propionibacterium acnes bacteria optimally. The method used in this research is a laboratory experimental method by testing the inhibition of toner preparations. Belimbing wuluh leaves were extracted using the infusa method then made facial toner preparations with concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% and tested with the paperdisk method. From the results of the research on the inhibition of facial toner preparations of infusa extract of bilimbi leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) showed that at concentrations of 10% and 20% could not inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Meanwhile, the 30% concentration can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria optimally optimally with the inhibition zone around the paperdisk.
AKTIVITAS TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN Acacia auriculiformis ASAL KOLAKA MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOMETRI UV-Vis
Excessive exposure to UV radiation can cause skin damage. Preventive measures can be taken by using sunscreen. Acacia auriculiformis is a species from the Fabaceae family, many of which are known for their antioxidant activity. Acacia auriculiformis can act as a natural sunscreen because it contains secondary metabolite compounds with conjugated double bond structures, which are known to reduce the intensity of UV exposure on the skin by absorbing ultraviolet radiation. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of Acacia auriculiformis leaves from Kolaka and to determine its Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The extraction of Acacia auriculiformis leaves was carried out using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The sunscreen activity was determined based on the SPF values. The SPF values of the extract at concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, and 200 ppm were 3.8712 (minimal protection), 6.4880 (extra protection), 9.5359 (maximum protection), and 12.5816 (maximum protection), respectively. The results indicate that sunscreen activity increases in proportion to the extract concentration. Acacia auriculiformis leaves have the potential to be developed as a sunscreen formulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andri Anugrah Pratama
ANALISIS FAKTOR RESIKO KEJADIAN TUBERCULOSIS DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS SYAMTALIRA BAYU
World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan Tuberkullosis (TB) sebagai masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang sangat penting dan serius diseluruh dunia dan merupakan penyakit yang menimbulkan kedaruratan global (Global Emergency) karena di sebagian besar negara di dunia penyakit TB paru tidak terkendali, Hal ini disebabkan oleh banyaknya penderita yang tidak berhasil disembuhkan, serta merupakan penyebab utama kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit infeksi Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kasus kontrol yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara diabetes melitus (DM) dengan kejadian tuberkulosis (TB) pada seluruh pasien TB di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Syamtalira Bayu. Variabel data mengenai riwayat penyakit DM, usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, kontak dengan pasien TB dan riwayat vaksin BCGA. Analisis data pada Tabel 1 menunjukkan profil pasien TB paru yang didominasi oleh lansia dengan usia di atas 49 tahun (63,16%) dan perempuan (73,68%). Pekerjaan sebagai ibu rumah tangga merupakan pekerjaan yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh responden (8 orang), diikuti oleh pelajar/mahasiswa, wiraswasta, dan tidak bekerja. Kondisi komorbiditas diabetes melitus juga cukup signifikan, dengan 63,16% responden memiliki riwayat penyakit ini. Menariknya, meskipun TB sering dikaitkan dengan kontak langsung dengan pasien, mayoritas responden (73,68%) tidak memiliki riwayat kontak langsung dengan pasien TB sebelumnya. Selain itu, semua responden tidak memiliki riwayat vaksinasi BCG. Kesimpulan dari laporan ini menunjukkan bahwa tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang signifikan, terutama di kalangan lansia yang memiliki faktor risiko seperti diabetes melitus (DM). Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa individu berusia di atas 49 tahun dengan DM memiliki kemungkinan yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami kejadian TB.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ambia Nurdin, Nabila Dwi Putri, Ulfa Nazillah, Hariska Azhari, Aypa Safitri, Sadri Lafiska, Ulvi Maghvira, Dewi Astini
UJI AKTIVITAS FRAKSI N-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT, ETANOL DAUN PARE (Momordica charantia L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus epidermidis DAN Salmonella thypi
Bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) contain compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, glycosides and alkaloids. This study aims to determine the difference in antibacterial activity of the N-hexane, Ethyl acetate and Ethanol 96% fractions fram bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) against the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella thypi. The research method is an experimental study to see the antibacterial activity of the N-hexane, ethyl acetate and etanol 96% fractions at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% using the disc diffusion method. The results of the research showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria obtained an inhibitory power of 5% (5,95 mm), 10% (12,23 mm), 15% (14,05 mm) for the N-hexane fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction 5% (6,08 mm), 10% (7,37 mm), 15% (10,93 mm). Ethanol fraction of 5% (6,37 mm), 10% (12,8 mm), 15% (13,98 mm). Salmonella thypi bacteria against the N-hexane fraction obtained an inhibitory power of 5% (7,83 mm), 10% (12,47 mm), 15% (13,88 mm). The ethyl acetate fraction is 5% (5,43 mm), 10% (10,85 mm), 15% (13,88 mm). Ethanol fraction of 5% (7,77 mm), 10% (10,27 mm), 15% (15,5 mm). It can be concluded that the N-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol 96% fractions have antibacterial activity.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI DAYA HAMBAT SEDIAAN SERUM WAJAH EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP staphylococcus epidermidis
This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of facial serum preparations from papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research method carried out was experimental laboratory research, to determine the inhibitory power of facial serum from papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis which was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Yamasi Pharmacy Academy, Makassar. Papaya leaves were extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, the extract obtained was then made into a facial serum preparation with a concentration of 6% (F1), 8% (F2), 10% (F3) and as a serum base (F4). The research results stated that facial serum preparations of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis with concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10%.
UJI AKTIVITAS SABUN MANDI HERBAL ECOENZYME SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK ALAMI TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Propionibacterium acne
Evaluation of the Antiseptic Activity of Herbal Bath Soap Containing Eco Enzyme Against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. Herbal bath soap is a skin cleanser formulated with a soap base and permitted additives to enhance its functionality and consumer appeal. The use of natural ingredients, particularly fruit and vegetable waste, offers a sustainable source of active compounds. Through fermentation, these materials can be converted into eco enzyme, which contains various bioactive substances with potential antibacterial properties. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of herbal bath soap formulated with eco enzyme against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. The inhibition zone assay demonstrated that soap containing 25% and 50% eco enzyme exhibited average inhibition zones of 1.596 mm and 1.69 mm against P. acnes, respectively, while the negative control produced a zone of 0.88 mm. For S. aureus, the inhibition zones at the same concentrations were 3.44 mm and 1.997 mm. These findings suggest that eco enzyme-based herbal bath soap exhibits antibacterial effects against both tested bacterial strains. However, the observed inhibition remains within the weak category (<5 mm), indicating a limited but measurable antibacterial potential.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS GEL EKSTRAK DAUN MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus epidermidis
Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui efektivitas sediaan gel ekstrak daun melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan konsentrasi optimum sediaan gel ekstrak daun melinjo dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Daun melinjo diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96% dan diformulasikan menjadi sediaan gel konsentrasi 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode paperdisk pada media Nutrient Agar (NA) yang telah diinokulasi bakteri uji, serta menggunakan klindamisin sebagai kontrol positif dan basis gel sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gel ekstrak daun melinjo efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Dan konsentrasi optimum dari gel ekstrak daun melinjo yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah konsentrasi 3% dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 14,43 mm dengan kategori kuat.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KULIT DAGING BUAH LONTAR (Borassus flabellifer L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus
Kulit daging buah lontar (Borassus flabellifer L) memiliki banyak kandungan Flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang merupakan kandungan kimia yang berkhasiat sebagai pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak kulit daging buah lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) terhadap Staphyloccous aureus dan menentukan konsentrasi optimal ekstrak kulit daging buah lontar Staphylococcus aureus. kulit daging buah lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) Dibuat dalam sediaan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15% pengujian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental kemudian dilakukan pengujian daya hambat ekstrak kulit daging buah lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15% serta kontrol negatif menggunakan DMSO menggunakan metode paper disk dan medium agar ( NA) sebagai media dan di inkubasi selama 1 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit daging buah lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak yang digunakan dalam tiga konsentrasi, yaitu 5%, 10%, dan 15%, menunjukkan total diameter zona hambat masing-masing sebesar 44,6 mm, 45,3 mm, dan 52 mm, dengan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 14,8 mm, 15,1 mm, dan 17,3 mm. Seluruh hasil tersebut termasuk dalam kategori daya hambat kuat.
DISTRIBUSI PENGGUNAAN BERAGAM JENIS VAKSIN COVID-19 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GENTUNGAN, DESA GENTUNGAN, KECAMATAN BAJENG BARAT, KABUPATEN GOWA TAHUN 2022
In December 2019, Wuhan City in Hubei Province, China, became the epicenter of a novel coronavirus outbreak, later identified as SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Common symptoms of COVID-19 infection include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. This study aimed to determine the percentage distribution of various COVID-19 vaccine types administered at the Gentungan Public Health Center. Employing a non-experimental, descriptive approach, this research analyzed existing data without intervention on test subjects, utilizing a retrospective data collection method. The study population comprised 9,000 individuals, from which a sample of 383 participants was selected. The results indicated the following distribution of vaccine usage: Sinovac was administered to 236 individuals (61.61%), Pfizer to 61 individuals (15.92%), Moderna to 53 individuals (13.83%), and AstraZeneca to 33 individuals (8.61%). Sinovac was the most frequently administered vaccine, likely due to its ample availability and the lack of choice afforded to the public regarding vaccine selection.
Copyright (c) 2025 A Tenriugi Daeng Pine