FORMULASI  DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN ANTISEPTIK PADAT BERBASIS MINYAK JELANTAH DIPERKAYA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDARA CINA (Ziziphus jujuba) UNTUK PEMANFAATAN BERKELANJUTAN.

Zakiah  Thahir; Yuyun Sri Wahyuni; Hernawati Basir; Istianah Purnamasari; Adrival Darwin; Aisyah; Indah Lestari

doi:10.59060/aap2gh31

Authors

Zakiah Thahir Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Yuyun Sri Wahyuni Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Hernawati Basir Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Istianah Purnamasari Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Adrival Darwin Akademi Farmasi Yamasi Makassar
Aisyah Akademi Farmasi Yamasi Makassar
Indah Lestari Akademi Farmasi Yamasi Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59060/aap2gh31

Abstract

Used cooking oil is a household waste that has the potential to pollute the environment, while Chinese bidara leaves (Ziziphus jujuba) are known to have a variety of biological activities, including antibacterial. Utilizing these two components in solid antiseptic soap formulations can provide added value and sustainable solutions. Objective: This study aims to formulate a solid antiseptic soap preparation based on used cooking oil with the addition of ethanol extract of Chinese bidara leaves that meets SNI quality requirements, and evaluate its physical, chemical, and antibacterial activity characteristics. Methods: Used cooking oil was purified with coconut fiber charcoal. Chinese bidara leaf ethanol extract was added to the soap at 5% (F1) and 10% (F2) concentrations, compared to the blank (F0). Tests include organoleptic (shape, color, aroma), pH, foam height, water content, free fatty acids, and free alkali. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acne. Results: All soap formulas showed good organoleptic characteristics (solid, distinctive aroma) with color variations according to extract concentration. The pH value (9.7-10.1) and foam height (59.67-75.33 mm) met SNI. Water content (8.3- 9.31%) and free fatty acids (2.0-2.3%) also met the standard. However, the free alkali content of Formula 2 (0.2%) exceeded the SNI limit (<0.1%). All formulas with extracts showed zones of inhibition against the three test bacteria, and the zones of inhibition increased with the concentration of the extracts.

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Elaloui, M. et al. (2017) ‘Quantification of total phenols, flavonoides and tannins from Ziziphus jujuba (mill.) and Ziziphus lotus (l.)(Desf). Leaf extracts and their effects on antioxidant and antibacterial activities’, International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(1), pp. 18–26.

Hutauruk, H., Yamlean, P.V.Y. and Wiyono, W. (2020) ‘Formulasi dan uji aktivitas sabun cair ekstrak etanol herba seledri (Apium graveolens L) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus’, Pharmacon, 9(1), pp. 73–81.

Khoirunnisak, K. et al. (2020) ‘Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana lamm) dalam formulasi sediaan sabun cair sebagai antiseptik terhadap bakteri Stapylococcus aureus ATCC 25923’, Medical Sains: Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 5(1), pp. 89–98.

Mulangsri, D.A.K. et al. (2021) ‘Profil Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Bidara Arab (Ziziphus spina-christi) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epdermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus’, Pharmasipha, 5(1), pp. 62–66.

Nurhayati, L.S., Yahdiyani, N. and Hidayatulloh, A. (2020) ‘Perbandingan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri starter yogurt dengan metode difusi sumuran dan metode difusi cakram’, Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan, 1(2), pp. 41–46.

Nurrosyidah, I.H. et al. (2023) ‘Formulasi Deterjen Eco-Friendly Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) Kombinasi Surfaktan Decyl Glucoside dan Lauryl Glucoside’, Camellia: Clinical, Pharmaceutical, Analytical and Pharmacy Community Journal, 2(1), pp. 84–91.

Rochmat, A. et al. (2018) ‘Biolubrication synthesis made from used cooking oil and bayah natural zeolite catalyst’, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 21(3), pp. 113–117.

SNI (2016) ‘Standar mutu sabun padat’, Sni 3532:2016, pp. 1–10.

Sujono, H. et al. (2019) ‘Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil from Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus’, Jurnal Kartika Kimia, 2(1), pp. 30–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26874/jkk.v2i1.27.

Sujono, S., Indratmi, D. and Kusuma, H. (2020) ‘Pendampingan Proses Produksi Sabun Natural Mayangsari di Kelompok Bumdes Desa Pesanggrahan Kota Batu’, PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 5(3), pp. 294–298.

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