Jurnal Kesehatan Yamasi merupakan jurnal resmi yang dipublikasikan oleh Akademi Farmasi Yamasi Makassar. Jurnal ini mencakup seluruh aspek ilmu farmasi sebagai berikut: farmasetika, kimia farmasi, biologi farmasi, bioteknologi farmasi, serta farmakologi dan farmasi klinik. Jurnal Kesehatan Yamasi terbit setiap 6 bulan yakni periode Januari dan Juli. Penerbitan jurnal ini didedikasikan untuk mempubikasikan hasil penelitian para dosen dan mahasiswa yang berkualitas.
TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN DIABETES MELITUSTERHADAP PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI KLINIK PROF. HARSINEN SANUSIMAKASSAR
Pharmaceutical services are an essential part of the healthcare system, playing a direct role in improving patients’ quality of life, especially for those with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Patient satisfaction is a crucial indicator in evaluating the quality of pharmaceutical services provided. This study aims to determine the satisfaction level of diabetes mellitus patients toward pharmaceutical services at Prof. Dr. Harsinen Sanusi Clinic Makassar. This research employed a descriptive observational method with a quantitative assessment approach. Satisfaction was measured using five dimensions: tangible, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and reliability. The results showed the following levels of satisfaction: tangible (79,00%) very satisfied, responsiveness (82,17%) very satisfied, assurance (91,00%) very satisfied, empathy (85,83%) very satisfied, and reliability (87,50%) very satisfied. Overall, the findings indicate that diabetes mellitus patients were very satisfied (85,10%) with the pharmaceutical services at Prof. Dr. Harsinen Sanusi Clinic Makassar.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukirawati, Nabila Hartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI DAUN SAGA (Abrus precatorius L.) DENGAN PELARUT NADES TERHADAP KADAR FENOLIK DAN FLAVONOID TOTAL
Abrus precatorius L. leaves are traditional medicinal plant materials containing bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids and phenolics, which exhibit antioxidant activity. The selection of an extraction method plays a crucial role in determining the yield of these compounds. This study aimed to compare the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of A. precatorius leaf extracts obtained using an environmentally friendly Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) through two extraction techniques, namely maceration and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). The research was conducted under laboratory conditions using A. precatorius leaves extracted with a NADES composed of lactic acid and sodium acetate. Total flavonoid content was determined using the AlCl₃ colorimetric method, while total phenolic content was analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and measured by UV–Visible spectrophotometry. The data were subjected ANOVA tests. The results demonstrated that the MAE method yielded higher total flavonoid and phenolic contents compared to the maceration method. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the two extraction methods (p < 0.05). Therefore, MAE can be considered more efficient than maceration and may be recommended as a promising extraction technique for obtaining bioactive compounds from Abrus precatorius L. leaves.
Copyright (c) 2026 Renny Amelia, Trysha inka Lutfi Pratami, Didi Rohadi; Tomi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jack.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli BERDASARKAN METODE KLT-BIOAUTOGRAFI
This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jack.) against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and to determine the compounds from ethanol extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jack.) that can provide antibacterial based on TLC-Bioautography analysis. This study tested the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jack.). Ethanol extract of oil palm leaves was obtained through the maceration method. Then the activity test was carried out by TLC-Bioautography against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The results of the separation of compounds by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7: 3) eluent. The results of the TLC-Bioautography test showed that spots at Rf values ​​0.92; Rf 0.85; Rf 0.74; Rf 0.7; Rf 0.63 and Rf 0.52 can provide inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and at Rf values ​​​​of 0.92; Rf 0.85 can provide inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli. The results of the identification of chemical components gave positive results in the appearance of flavonoid spots at Rf values ​​​​of 0.92; Rf 0.85 and alkaloids at Rf values ​​​​of 0.92; Rf 0.74.
Copyright (c) 2026 ISTIANAH PURNAMASARI; Muhammad Taufiq Duppa, Syafruddin Syafruddin, Sitti Nurjanna, Anshari Masri, Hernawati Basir, Ermawati Ermawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGEMBANGAN SEDIAAN EMULGEL EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH TARRA (Artocarpus elasticus) DAN PENENTUAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIAGING ALAMI
Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be prevented. This condition can lead to various aging-related health problems, including an increased incidence of skin aging. Skin changes due to aging can impact a person's social life, given that the skin is the organ most exposed to external influences and is also the most visible part of the body when interacting with others. To determine the flavonoid content of tarrra fruit peel extract (Artocarpus elasticus) and to determine the physical characteristics and stability of tarra fruit peel extract emulgel preparations (Artocarpus elasticus). This research method is an experimental laboratory method by evaluating the physical stability of the emulgel preparation of tarra fruit peel extract (Artocarpus elasticus) before and after the cycling test. The phytochemical screening results showed the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The total flavonoid content of the tarra fruit peel extract (Artocarpus elasticus) using UV-VIS spectrophotometry was 0.3680. The stability evaluation of the emulgel preparation showed good physical stability, both before and after the cycling test, seen from the organoleptic aspects, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and viscosity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anshari Masri, Muhammad Taufiq Duppa, Syafruddin, Rahmadani, Delvi Sara Jihan Pahira, Ermawati, Syachriyani Syachrir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POTENSI INTERAKSI OBAT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS ANTANG
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are non-communicable diseases that often occur concurrently. Management of both conditions generally requires multiple medications simultaneously, thus increasing the risk of drug interactions that can affect therapy effectiveness and safety. This study aimed to determine the description of potential drug interactions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension at Antang Public Health Center. This was a descriptive study with a retrospective observational approach using medical record data from April to June 2025. The sample was obtained through total sampling of 56 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Drug interaction identification was conducted using Drugs.com and Medscape. The results showed that most patients were female, 35 patients (62.50%), and the most common age group was 56–65 years, 28 patients (50.00%). A total of 51 patients (91.07%) were identified as having potential drug interactions. The most common severity level was moderate with 63 cases (73.26%), followed by major 22 cases (25.58%), and minor 1 case (1.16%). The most common drug interaction mechanism was pharmacodynamic with 55 cases (63.95%), followed by pharmacokinetic 23 cases (26.74%), and unknown mechanism 8 cases (9.30%). The drug combination with the highest potential for interaction was metformin and amlodipine at moderate severity through pharmacodynamic mechanism in 48 cases (55.81%), followed by amlodipine and simvastatin at major severity through pharmacokinetic mechanism in 22 cases (25.58%).
Copyright (c) 2026 Muthmainnah, Jangga, Mochamad Noer Alim Qalby, Andi Juaella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN OBAT TRADISIONAL DAN OBAT SINTETIK PADA MASYARAKAT DESA TINCO KECAMATAN CITTA KABUPATEN SOPPENG
The selection of medicine types is a crucial part of community health behavior. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of traditional and synthetic medicines in Tinco Village, Citta District, Soppeng Regency. The research method used was descriptive qualitative involving 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using open-ended questionnaires which were then coded and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the community tended to use medicines situationally based on the type and severity of the disease. Factor analysis showed that psychological factors dominated purchasing decisions (82%), followed by personal factors (78%), cultural factors (74%), and social factors (68%). Previous usage experience and drug availability were the main determinants. It is concluded that medicine purchasing decisions in the Tinco Village community are adaptive and significantly influenced by perceptions of effectiveness as well as individual internal and external factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suprapto Prayitno, Andi Armisman Edi Paturusi, Lisna Puspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI HYDROGEL BASED DRESSING EKSTRAK IKAN GABUS (Channa striata) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Stapyhlococcus epidermidis
Snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract contains peptide compounds with antibacterial properties, making it a potential active ingredient for the development of hydrogel-based wound dressings. Hydrogel-based dressings are water-based wound dressings composed primarily of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a hydrophilic polymer modified to absorb large amounts of water, along with additives such as polyethylene oxide or propylene glycol, which help maintain a moist wound environment. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydrogel-based dressings containing snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The study employed an experimental method using the agar well diffusion technique. The results showed that against Staphylococcus aureus, hydrogel formulations containing 5%, 10%, and 15% extract produced inhibition zones of 2,96 mm, 4,76 mm, and 6,57 mm, respectively. Against Staphylococcus epidermidis, the inhibition zones were 2,95 mm, 4,87 mm, and 7,39 mm for the 5%, 10%, and 15% extract concentrations, respectively. It can be concluded that hydrogel-based dressings containing snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Basse Yuliana, Oktaviana Ratnasari Nggoweng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN UJI KESTABILAN FISIKOKIMIA BISKUIT DARITEPUNG KULIT BUAH LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata)
Pumpkin peel (Cucurbita moschata) contains beneficial compounds, including carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, and xanthin), pectin, vitamins A and C, and minerals. The utilization of pumpkin peel as a functional food ingredient can be achieved by processing it into biscuit products. This study aimed to determine whether pumpkin peel flour can be formulated into physically stable biscuits and to identify the concentration that produces the best characteristics. This study was an experimental study using four biscuit formulations, namely F1 (20%), F2 (24%), F3 (30%), and F4 (34%) pumpkin peel flour. Evaluations included organoleptic testing, fat content, ash content, moisture content, and carbohydrate content. Organoleptic data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, while physicochemical data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test.The results of the Kruskal–Wallis test showed that different concentrations of pumpkin peel flour had no significant effect on organoleptic parameters, including color (p=0,407), aroma (p=0,348), taste (p=0,848), and texture (p=0,357). Physicochemical analysis indicated that fat content (p=0,122), ash content (p=0,913), and moisture content (p=0,542) not significantly among the formulations. In contrast, carbohydrate content showed a significant difference (p=0,018), and Duncan's test revealed that F1 differed significantly from F3 and F4. Organoleptic evaluation showed that F1 obtained the highest mean preference scores for color (3,63), aroma (3,57), taste (3,37), and texture (3,67). Inconclusion, pumpkin peel flour can be formulated into biscuits with stable physicochemical characteristics. Formula F1 containing 20% pumpkin peel flour was identified as the best formulation because it achieved the highest panelist preference scores for color, aroma, taste, and texture
Copyright (c) 2026 Besse Yuliana, Jelisa Ruru kambuno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGETAHUAN PETUGAS PENGELOLA OBAT DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KETERSEDIAAN OBAT DI PUSKESMAS KOTA MAKASSAR
Adequate drug availability at primary health centers (Puskesmas) is a key indicator of effective drug management and may be influenced by the knowledge of drug management officers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between officers’ knowledge and drug availability at selected Puskesmas in Makassar City. A descriptive analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on May 16–17, 2025, at Paccerakkang, Mamajang, Pattingalloang, and Mangasa Puskesmas, which were selected using cluster random sampling. All eligible drug management officers were included through total sampling, resulting in seven respondents. Knowledge was assessed using a 20-item questionnaire with excellent reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.9675), while drug availability was evaluated using 2024 Drug Usage and Request Reports (LPLPO) for 40 indicator drugs. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and Pearson’s correlation test. The mean knowledge score was 90%, categorized as good; six respondents had good knowledge and one had sufficient knowledge. Drug availability varied across facilities: one Puskesmas was categorized as good (69.87%), while three were categorized as sufficient, with an average availability of 46.29%. Pearson’s correlation showed no significant relationship between officers’ knowledge and drug availability (r = -0.853; p = 0.147). These findings suggest that drug availability is likely influenced more by procurement policies, distribution systems, and health budget allocation than by officers’ knowledge alone.
Copyright (c) 2026 ANDI PALUSERI, yuniati, Lukman Lukman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH NILAI HLB KOMBINASI EMULSIFIER PADA FORMULASI BODY LOTION MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK DAUN PUCUK MERAH (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.)
The utilization of natural ingredients in cosmetic formulations is continuously increasing due to their perceived higher safety profile. Red lip (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) leaves possess potent antioxidant activity, rendering them highly potential for utilization as an active ingredient in cosmetic preparations to promote skin health. This study aimed to formulate a body lotion containing red lip leaf extract and to evaluate the effect of the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) values of combined emulsifiers, specifically Tween 80 (HLB = 15) and Span 80 (HLB = 4.3), on the physical quality and stability of the resulting body lotion. The formulations were developed by varying four levels of the combined emulsifier HLB values, ranging from HLB 9 to 12. The evaluated physical quality parameters encompassed organoleptic properties, homogeneity, spreadability, acidity (pH), viscosity, and physical stability utilizing the cycling test method. Statistical analysis demonstrated that variations in the HLB values exerted a significant effect on the spreadability, pH, and viscosity of the formulations. Formula 2 (HLB 10) exhibited the physical characteristics that complied with the SNI 16-4399-1996 standard and demonstrated the best physical stability. This study indicates that the HLB value of the Tween 80 and Span 80 emulsifier combination plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity and preserving the physical quality of the lotion formulations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bannan Muthi'atul Af'idah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK DAUN MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Gnetum gnemon L. leaf extract gel against Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method using 96% ethanol as the extraction solvent. Gel formulations containing G. gnemon leaf extract at concentrations of 5%, 7%, and 9% were subsequently prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial assay was performed using the disc diffusion method on Nutrient Agar (NA) inoculated with S. aureus. Chloramphenicol was used as the positive control, while the gel base served as the negative control. The results demonstrated that all gel formulations containing G. gnemon leaf extract exhibited inhibitory activity against the growth of S. aureus. Among the tested formulations, the 9% extract gel showed the highest antibacterial activity, producing a mean inhibition zone diameter of 16.5 mm, which was classified as a strong inhibitory effect. These findings indicate that G. gnemon leaf extract gel, particularly at a concentration of 9%, has promising potential as a topical antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Anggreani, Esti Febri Fatwami, Dian Islamiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFEK ANTIHIPERURISEMIA EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG SURIAN (Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
This study aimed to determine the antihyperuricemic effect of ethanol extract of surian bark (Toona sinensis) on male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with potassium oxonate. An experimental study with a completely randomized design was conducted using 15 male rats divided into five groups: negative control (1% Na-CMC), extract-treated groups at doses of 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg body weight, and a positive control group (allopurinol). Hyperuricemia was induced by potassium oxonate at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, homogeneity test, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post hoc test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of surian bark reduced uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats, with percentage reductions at the 6th hour of 38.51%, 42.64%, and 54.72% for doses of 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while allopurinol showed a reduction of 67.32%. One-Way ANOVA indicated a significant difference among treatment groups (p < 0.05). The dose of 120 mg/kg body weight exhibited the best antihyperuricemic activity among the extract-treated groups
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Rina, Ayu Wandira A . Baso Amri, Mustaina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI BUAHGOREK (Caesalpinia bonducella L.) PADA HEWAN UJI TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN
Caesalpinia bonducella L. seeds contain bloactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins, which have potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds in carrageenan-induced male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The extract was prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol. A total of 15 male white rats were randomly divided into five groups: negative control (1% Na-CMC), positive control (diclofenac sodium 0.068 mg/kg BW), and ethanolic extract groups at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW. Paw edema was induced using 1% carrageenan, and edema volume was observed for four hours. Data were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The ANOVA showed a significant difference among treatment groups (F = 3.798; p = 0.007). Duncan's test indicated that the extract at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg BW did not differ significantly from the positive control but differed significantly from the negative control. The 600 mg/kg BW dose exhibited the greatest anti-inflammatory activity among the extract-treated groups. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema, with higher doses showing greater anti-inflammatory effects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erniati Akadir, Sitti Fauziah Noer, Ayu Wandira A . Baso Amri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI TOPIKAL SEDIAAN FACEWASH EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) PADA MODEL EDEMA TERINDUKSI KARAGENAN PADA TIKUS
Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) have long been used as a traditional medicine due to their bioactive compounds that have anti-inflammatory potential. Edema is a form of inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in interstitial tissue due to increased vascular permeability. This study aims to evaluate the anti-edema effect of a Facewash containing papaya leaf extract on the back skin of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study was a laboratory experimental study with a completely randomized design. Edema was induced using a 3% carrageenan suspension subcutaneously on the back skin of rats. Skinfold thickness was measured using a caliper before treatment (T₀) and after induction at certain time intervals. Rats were divided into several treatment groups given papaya leaf extract Facewash with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%. The results showed that the papaya leaf extract Facewash had anti-edema activity with a decrease in skinfold thickness compared to the control. The 10% concentration showed the highest edema-reducing effect at 9%, followed by the 20% concentration at 5%, and the 5% concentration at 3%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the papaya leaf extract face wash has potential as a topical anti-inflammatory agent, with an optimum concentration of 10%.
Copyright (c) 2026 ananda ramadani, Ronal Ronal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN BODY LOTION EKSTRAK DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum basilicum L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis
A study was conducted on the formulation of a body lotion using basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The body lotion was prepared in three extract concentrations: 5% w/w, 10% w/w, and 15% w/w. Evaluation was carried out through organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method. The results showed that all formulations were physically stable and met the requirements for topical preparations. The pH values ranged from 6.5 to 7.5 and the spreadability ranged from 6.1 to 6.7 cm. The antibacterial test showed inhibition zones with diameters of 13.78 mm (5% w/w), 14.48 mm (10%w/w), and 14.69 mm (15% w/w). These findings indicate that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the antibacterial effect. Therefore, basil leaf extract has potential as a natural antibacterial agent in body lotion formulations against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rusmin, Taufiq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK BATANG PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus epidermidis
This study aims to determine whether the preparation of kepok banana stem extract gel (Musa paradisiaca L.) has effectiveness against Staphylococcus epidermidis and at what concentration the kepok banana stem extract is most effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The method used in this study is a laboratory experiment to determine the effectiveness of the preparation of kepok banana stem extract gel (Musa paradisiaca L.) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results of the research that has been carried out from the preparation of kepok banana stem extract gel are effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis is a concentration of 3% with an inhibition zone of 21.41 mm (strong).
Copyright (c) 2026 Dzulasfi, Erna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS SERUM SARANG BURUNG WALET SEBAGAI AGEN PENCERAH KULIT PADA TIKUS PUTIH
The demand for safe and effective natural cosmetic products is increasing, one of which is facial brightening serum. Swallow's nest (Collocalia fuciphaga) contains bioactive compounds such as glycoprotein and epidermal growth factor (EGF) which are known to have the potential as skin brightening agents. This study aims to test the effectiveness of facial serum containing swallow's nest extract from South Sulawesi in increasing skin brightness, and to compare it with Niacinamide-based serum. The study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using 12 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were divided into three treatment groups (concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%) and one positive control (Niacinamide). The back area of the rats was pigmented using UV-B and serum was applied for seven days. Brightness measurements were carried out using a skin tone scale. The results showed that serum with a concentration of 30% provided the most significant increase in brightness, with a decrease in skin tone value from 15 to 3, better than niacinamide.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Tahir, Suhartini, Nur Zam Sabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGUJIAN EFEK ANTHELMINTIK SIRUP BIJI DAN KULIT BUAHPEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP CACING Ascaris suumSECARA IN VITRO
Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that around 1.5 billion people in the world experience Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) infection, which is a group of intestinal parasites whose transmission is through soil media. One alternative approach in dealing with helminthiasis is the use of traditional medicines, such as papaya seeds, which are empirically known to have anthelmintic activity due to the content of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. In addition, papaya peel also contains important nutrients such as minerals, potassium, protein, and beta carotene which contribute to anthelmintic potential. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of syrup made from papaya seeds and peel against the death of Ascaris suum worms in vitro. The method used is a laboratory experiment. The results showed that papaya seed syrup at a concentration of 5% had the longest worm death time, which was an average of 5 hours and 15 minutes, while papaya peel syrup at the same concentration took an average of 4 hours and 15 minutes. At a concentration of 15%, both syrups showed the fastest time of death, which was an average of 4 hours. The results of this study indicate that the chemical components contained in the extracts of the seeds and peels of papaya fruits have an anthelmintic effect on Ascaris suum worms in the form of syrup preparations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agust Dwi Djajanti Djajanti, Putra Satrio, Yusriyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murray) TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes
Durian fruit peel (Durio zibethinus Murray) contains active compounds, namely, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics which are antibacterial and antioxidant so that it can be used as an alternative active ingredient for facial skin care. This study aims to determine whether the serum preparation of durian fruit peel extract (Durio zibethinus Murray) has an antibacterial effect on Propionibacterium acnes with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20%. This study aims to determine whether the Serum Preparation Test of Durian Fruit Peel Extract (Durio zibethinus Murray) Against Propionibacterium acnes has an antibacterial effect made in the preparation of serum extract with a concentration of 10%, 15%, 20%. This test uses a laboratory experimental method carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Yamasi Academy of Pharmacy Makassar, then testing the antibacterial activity of Durian Fruit Peel Extract Serum (Durio zibethinus Murray) with the well method and Medium Agar (NA) as media and incubated for 1 x 24 hours at 37oC. Then observations were made by measuring the inhibition zone that occurred at each concentration of the preparation on Propionibacterium acnes test bacteria. The inhibition zone of 10% concentration showed a diameter of 9.5 mm, 15% concentration showed a diameter of 12.2 mm, and 20% concentration showed an inhibition zone of 14.9 mm with the results of inhibiting bacterial growth categorized as strong (10-19mm). The conclusion of the study states that the serum preparation of durian fruit peel extract (Durio zibethinus Murray) with a concentration of 15% and 20% is better and stronger than the concentration of 10%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Azis, A. Muh. Fadjri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN OBAT DAN ALAT KESEHATAN DI APOTEK REJEKI LESTARI
The storage of medicines and medical devices is an important component in the implementation of pharmaceutical services, as it affects the quality, stability, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness of these products. Non-standard storage management may lead to active ingredient degradation, reduced quality of medical devices, and potential risks to patient safety. The implementation of an appropriate and regulation-based storage system plays a vital role in ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical services in healthcare facilities. The purpose of this study is to assess the compliance of drug and medical device storage at Apotek Rejeki Lestari with Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of Pharmaceutical Services issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia at 2019. This study employed a descriptive observational method through direct observation. The measurement instrument used was a checklist consisting of 25 statements. Data collection was conducted in May 2025. The data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the percentage of storage compliance with the standards. The results showed that the overall storage aspects complied with the standards, with 21 indicators having been fulfilled. There were 4 indicators that did not meet the storage standards. The noncompliant aspects included the absence of an air conditioner to maintain room temperature and the lack of storage cabinets for High-Alert Medications (HAM), as well as for expired and damaged drugs. In conclusion, the storage system at Apotek Rejeki Lestari is very good, with a compliance rate of 84%; although improvements are needed in the aspect of high-risk medication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indria Purnama, anita mursiany, Hartono, Retnowati Hartono, Fitri Apriliany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDI KOMPARASI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN STABILITAS FISIK SABUN CAIR BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH KULIT JERUK LEMON, NIPIS, DAN BALI
This study aimed to compare the quality of liquid hand soap produced from lemon peel, lime peel, and pomelo peel as organic waste-based raw materials with antibacterial potential. The research applied an experimental approach with product development through the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. Citrus peels were extracted and formulated into liquid hand soap, then evaluated based on color, aroma, foam formation, acidity level, and antimicrobial activity against microbial growth using bread observation. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis by comparing the characteristics of each soap variant. The results showed that lime peel soap produced a clear green color and strong aroma with neutral acidity, lemon peel soap generated the highest foam with a slightly alkaline acidity, while pomelo peel soap demonstrated the strongest ability to inhibit bacterial growth with stable physical characteristics. The findings indicate that different types of citrus peel significantly influence the physical and antimicrobial quality of liquid hand soap. The study also identified formulation stability issues related to oil separation and odor development, emphasizing the importance of filtration and preservation in natural soap production. This research highlights the potential of citrus peel waste as an environmentally friendly material for hygienic product innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 DICKY AGIL PAMUNGKAS, Mentari Aulia Lintang Dinasty, Aziizatun Nisa, Viska Dilian Maimunah, Azka Nabila Athaya, Desi Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) dan daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of robusta coffee bean (Coffea canephora) and cherry leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) extracts against Propionibacterium acnes, as well as to identify their active phytochemical constituents and determine the most effective combination ratio. The research was conducted experimentally in a laboratory setting. Extraction was performed using the maceration technique with 96% ethanol as the solvent, followed by phytochemical screening for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method with various extract combination ratios of 25%:75%, 50%:50%, and 75%:25%. The inhibition zone diameters were statistically analyzed using a One- Way ANOVA test. The results revealed that both extracts contained secondary metabolites. The combination of robusta coffee bean and cherry leaf extracts at a 25%:75% ratio produced the largest inhibition zone (4.53 ± 1.71 mm), followed by 75%:25% (4.28 ± 2.51 mm) and 50%:50% (3.83 ± 1.24 mm). All were categorized as weak inhibition (<5 mm). Statistical analysis indicated that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous; however, no significant difference was observed among the treatment groups (p > 0.05).
Copyright (c) 2026 Mira Bella Apriance, Riza Dwiningrum, Vicko Suswidiantoro, Mida Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN JENIS EMULGATOR PADA SEDIAAN LOTION EKSTRAK DAUN BIDARA (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) TERHADAP MUTU FISIK
Bidara leaves contain phenolics and flavonoids which are effective as antioxidants. To increase the use value of bidara leaves, they are made into lotion preparations. This research aims to see the effect of different emulsifiers on lotion preparations from bidara leaf extract (Ziziphus spina-christi L.). Bidara leaves were extracted using a maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours. This lotion preparation was made with varying concentrations of Anionic and Nonionic emulsifiers and then carried out a physical evaluation including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests of the preparations, adhesion tests and spreadability tests. The results of the physical evaluation of lotion preparations with different types of emulsifiers influenced the pH of the bidara leaf extract lotion preparations, and in the organoleptic test, they were green and brown in color, had a distinctive aroma of bidara leaf extract, and had a soft texture. The lotion preparation is mixed homogeneously, has spreadability and stickiness values that meet the standard requirements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Nur Izzahtul Irwan, Zulfahmi Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN SABUN PADAT KOMBINASI SARI BUAH PEPAYA JENIS CALIFORNIA (Carica papaya L.) DAN MINYAK ZAITUN
Soap is a mixture of sodium compounds and fatty acids used to cleanse the body. This research utilizes papaya fruit juice to make solid soap. The research aimed to determine whether papaya fruit juice (Carica papaya L.) and olive oil can be formulated into a good solid soap preparation. The research was conducted using the hot process method with the main ingredients being olive oil (27 g), coconut oil (20.25 g), palm oil (20.25 g), NaOH solution, and essential oil (1.8 g). The solid soap preparations were formulated into four types: F0: Without papaya fruit juice, F1: Papaya fruit juice 3%, F2: Papaya fruit juice 6%, F3: Papaya fruit juice 9%. The preparation quality evaluation was carried out through organoleptic testing, pH, water content, foaming power, skin irritation test, and moisture test. The results showed that all formulas met the soap quality parameters based on national standards. Furthermore, the addition of papaya fruit juice was proven to be formulated into solid soap without reducing the quality of the preparation, even contributing to increasing skin moisture. Thus, papaya fruit juice and olive oil can be formulated into good solid soap preparations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mei Nur Afifah, sri royani, Esti Febri Fatwani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN AWAR-AWAR (Ficus septica Buirm F.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
This study aims to determine the compound group and antihypertensive activity of the ethanol extract of awar awar leaves (Ficus septica Burm F.) based on the results of systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in Rattus norvegicus. The research design used an in-vivo laboratory experiment carried out in the pharmacology laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Muslim University of Indonesia. Awar-awar leaf simplicia was extracted by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent, the concentrated extract was calculated for its percent yield, and a phytochemical screening test was carried out. Fifteen male rats were divided into five groups, namely the negative control group (Na.CMC 1%), positive control (captopril), and the awar-awar leaf extract group with doses of 75 mg/kg BW, 150 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. Blood pressure was measured using a Non-Invasive (CODA) device. The results showed that the concentrated extract had a yield value of 3.24%. Positive phytochemical screening of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, phenolic, and terpenoid compounds. The average percentage of reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of Rattus norvegicus in the negative control group (12.11/3.55%), positive control (41.97/22.77%), doses of 75 mg/kg BW (20.87/11.64%), 150 mg/kg BW (25.03/41.22%), and 300 mg/kg BW (38.14/45.83%) had antihypertensive activity that was not significantly different from captopril.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sitti Fauziah Noer Sitti Fauziah Noer, Mustainah, Asriawalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN ANTISEPTIK PADAT BERBASIS MINYAK JELANTAH DIPERKAYA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDARA CINA (Ziziphus jujuba) UNTUK PEMANFAATAN BERKELANJUTAN
Used cooking oil is a household waste that has the potential to pollute the environment, while Chinese bidara leaves (Ziziphus jujuba) are known to have a variety of biological activities, including antibacterial. Utilizing these two components in solid antiseptic soap formulations can provide added value and sustainable solutions. Objective: This study aims to formulate a solid antiseptic soap preparation based on used cooking oil with the addition of ethanol extract of Chinese bidara leaves that meets SNI quality requirements, and evaluate its physical, chemical, and antibacterial activity characteristics. Methods: Used cooking oil was purified with coconut fiber charcoal. Chinese bidara leaf ethanol extract was added to the soap at 5% (F1) and 10% (F2) concentrations, compared to the blank (F0). Tests include organoleptic (shape, color, aroma), pH, foam height, water content, free fatty acids, and free alkali. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acne. Results: All soap formulas showed good organoleptic characteristics (solid, distinctive aroma) with color variations according to extract concentration. The pH value (9.7-10.1) and foam height (59.67-75.33 mm) met SNI. Water content (8.3- 9.31%) and free fatty acids (2.0-2.3%) also met the standard. However, the free alkali content of Formula 2 (0.2%) exceeded the SNI limit (<0.1%). All formulas with extracts showed zones of inhibition against the three test bacteria, and the zones of inhibition increased with the concentration of the extracts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zakiah Thahir, Yuyun Sri Wahyuni, Hernawati Basir, Istianah Purnamasari, Adrival Darwin, Aisyah, Indah Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK KULIT UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomea batatas L Poir) BERDASARKAN BEBERAPA PARAMETER SPESIFIK EKSTRAK
Anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite of plants that can be used as a natural dye. Purple sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L Poir) is a food ingredient known to contain high anthocyanin compared to other types of sweet potatoes. Purple sweet potato skin which is usually not used can be used as an alternative to obtain anthocyanin as a natural dye. This study aims to determine the characteristics of purple sweet potato skin extract including extract soaking, water content, watersoluble extract content, ethanol-soluble extract content as standard parameters of extract quality. The study showed that the sweet potato skin extract produced was a thick extract, dark purple in color, slightly sweet in taste and distinctive odor, extract soaking value of 7.86% water content 15.28%, watersoluble extract content 32.82% and ethanol-soluble extract content 18.06%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Hidayah Base, Raymond Arief N Noena, Adnan Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMULASI DAN PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI HERBAL ECO ENZYME SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK ALAMI
This study aimed to develop herbal bath soap formulations based on eco enzyme and evaluate their physical characteristics according to SNI quality standards. The soap was formulated using the Cold Process method with three formula variations: F0, F1, and F2. The pH test results showed that all formulas were within the range of 9.03–9.05, meeting the SNI standard. The moisture content test showed the lowest value in F0 and the highest in F2, all of which were within the SNI standard. The total fat of the formulas ranged from 45.005% to 52.815%, meeting the maximum limit of the SNI. The free alkali values of all formulas ranged from 0.0095% to 0.0949%, in accordance with the SNI standard. Formula F2 was considered the best formulation because it produced soap with optimal physical characteristics and met all standard parameters. Eco enzyme has been proven effective as an active ingredient with potential antifungal, antibacterial, and natural cleansing properties in herbal bath soap formulations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Tahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN DEODORAN SPRAY DARI EKSTRAK PELEPAH SEREH (Cymbopogon nardus L.)
This study aims to determine the preparation and physical quality test of deodorant spray preparation from lemongrass frond extract (Cymbopogon nardus L.) The research method used is laboratory experimental. First the simplisia was extracted by maceration method for 2 x 24 hours using 96% ethanol solvent. The results of the thick extract were made deodorant spray preparations in the form of 4 formulas F1 27%, F2 28% and F3 29% with a deodorant spray base consisting of 96% ethanol, propylenglicol and distilled water. Physical quality tests carried out are organoleptic test, pH test, homogeneity test and dry time test. The results of the organoleptic test F0, F1, F2, F3 have a liquid form, distinctive odor and orange color while for F0 has a liquid form, odorless and clear color. The results of the pH test F0, F1, F2, F3 all preparations have met the requirements with a pH parameter value of 3 - 7.5. The homogeneity test results of all preparations have met the requirements. The dry time test has met the requirements with a drying time of < 5 minutes in the deodorant spray preparation. From the results of the study stated that lemongrass frond extract (Cymbopogon nardus L.) can be made in the form of deodorant spray preparations with a concentration of F0 base, F1 27%, F2 28%, F3 29% have met the quality requirements based on SNI 16-4951-1998.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agust Dwi Djajanti Djajanti
TINJAUAN EFEK SAMPING PENGGUNAAN METFORMIN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DI APOTEK KIMIA FARMA ALAUDDIN BULAN JULI-DESEMBER 2023
Diabetes Melitus tipe II adalah penyakit dengan suatu kondisi yang mempengaruhi cara tubuh memproses gula darah. Pengobatan lini pertama penderita DM tipe II menggunakan metformin. Namun disamping itu, metformin dapat menimbulkan beberapa efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek samping dari penggunaan Metformin pada penderita DM tipe II. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif yang pengumpulan datanya secara retrospektif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui penderita DM tipe II yang paling banyak mengalami efek samping di Apotek Kimia Farma Alauddin Makassar yakni pada usia 60 tahun ke atasdengan efek samping terbanyak adalah defisiensi vit. B12 dengan persentase 10,88%. Berdasarkan dosis obat harian penggunaan metformin diketahui banyak dikonsumsi yang menimbulkan efek samping yakni 2 x 500 mg (48%).
Copyright (c) 2025 sukirawati sukirawati